导航栏

External API

Odoo is usually extended internally via modules, but many of its features and all of its data are also available from the outside for external analysis or integration with various tools. Part of the Models API is easily available over XML-RPC and accessible from a variety of languages.

Connection

Configuration

If you already have an Odoo server installed, you can just use its parameters

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
url = <insert server URL>
db = <insert database name>
username = 'admin'
password = <insert password for your admin user (default: admin)>
url = <insert server URL>
db = <insert database name>
username = "admin"
password = <insert password for your admin user (default: admin)>
$url = <insert server URL>;
$db = <insert database name>;
$username = "admin";
$password = <insert password for your admin user (default: admin)>;
final String url = <insert server URL>,
              db = <insert database name>,
        username = "admin",
        password = <insert password for your admin user (default: admin)>;

demo

To make exploration simpler, you can also ask https://demo.odoo.com for a test database:

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
import xmlrpc.client
info = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('https://demo.odoo.com/start').start()
url, db, username, password = \
    info['host'], info['database'], info['user'], info['password']
require "xmlrpc/client"
info = XMLRPC::Client.new2('https://demo.odoo.com/start').call('start')
url, db, username, password = \
    info['host'], info['database'], info['user'], info['password']
require_once('ripcord.php');
$info = ripcord::client('https://demo.odoo.com/start')->start();
list($url, $db, $username, $password) =
  array($info['host'], $info['database'], $info['user'], $info['password']);
final XmlRpcClient client = new XmlRpcClient();

final XmlRpcClientConfigImpl start_config = new XmlRpcClientConfigImpl();
start_config.setServerURL(new URL("https://demo.odoo.com/start"));
final Map<String, String> info = (Map<String, String>)client.execute(
    start_config, "start", emptyList());

final String url = info.get("host"),
              db = info.get("database"),
        username = info.get("user"),
        password = info.get("password");

Logging in

Odoo requires users of the API to be authenticated before they can query most data.

The xmlrpc/2/common endpoint provides meta-calls which don’t require authentication, such as the authentication itself or fetching version information. To verify if the connection information is correct before trying to authenticate, the simplest call is to ask for the server’s version. The authentication itself is done through the authenticate function and returns a user identifier (uid) used in authenticated calls instead of the login.

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
common = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('{}/xmlrpc/2/common'.format(url))
common.version()
common = XMLRPC::Client.new2("#{url}/xmlrpc/2/common")
common.call('version')
$common = ripcord::client("$url/xmlrpc/2/common");
$common->version();
final XmlRpcClientConfigImpl common_config = new XmlRpcClientConfigImpl();
common_config.setServerURL(
    new URL(String.format("%s/xmlrpc/2/common", url)));
client.execute(common_config, "version", emptyList());
{
    "server_version": "13.0",
    "server_version_info": [13, 0, 0, "final", 0],
    "server_serie": "13.0",
    "protocol_version": 1,
}
  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
uid = common.authenticate(db, username, password, {})
uid = common.call('authenticate', db, username, password, {})
$uid = $common->authenticate($db, $username, $password, array());
int uid = (int)client.execute(
    common_config, "authenticate", asList(
        db, username, password, emptyMap()));

Calling methods

The second endpoint is xmlrpc/2/object, is used to call methods of odoo models via the execute_kw RPC function.

Each call to execute_kw takes the following parameters:

  • the database to use, a string
  • the user id (retrieved through authenticate), an integer
  • the user’s password, a string
  • the model name, a string
  • the method name, a string
  • an array/list of parameters passed by position
  • a mapping/dict of parameters to pass by keyword (optional)

For instance to see if we can read the res.partner model we can call check_access_rights with operation passed by position and raise_exception passed by keyword (in order to get a true/false result rather than true/error):

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
models = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('{}/xmlrpc/2/object'.format(url))
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'check_access_rights',
    ['read'], {'raise_exception': False})
models = XMLRPC::Client.new2("#{url}/xmlrpc/2/object").proxy
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'check_access_rights',
    ['read'], {raise_exception: false})
$models = ripcord::client("$url/xmlrpc/2/object");
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'check_access_rights',
    array('read'), array('raise_exception' => false));
final XmlRpcClient models = new XmlRpcClient() {{
    setConfig(new XmlRpcClientConfigImpl() {{
        setServerURL(new URL(String.format("%s/xmlrpc/2/object", url)));
    }});
}};
models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "check_access_rights",
    asList("read"),
    new HashMap() {{ put("raise_exception", false); }}
));
true

List records

Records can be listed and filtered via search().

search() takes a mandatory domain filter (possibly empty), and returns the database identifiers of all records matching the filter. To list customer companies for instance:

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search',
    [[['is_company', '=', True]]])
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search',
    [[['is_company', '=', true]]])
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'search', array(
        array(array('is_company', '=', true))));
asList((Object[])models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "search",
    asList(asList(
        asList("is_company", "=", true)))
)));
[7, 18, 12, 14, 17, 19, 8, 31, 26, 16, 13, 20, 30, 22, 29, 15, 23, 28, 74]

Pagination

By default a search will return the ids of all records matching the condition, which may be a huge number. offset and limit parameters are available to only retrieve a subset of all matched records.

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search',
    [[['is_company', '=', True]]],
    {'offset': 10, 'limit': 5})
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search',
    [[['is_company', '=', true]]],
    {offset: 10, limit: 5})
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'search',
    array(array(array('is_company', '=', true))),
    array('offset'=>10, 'limit'=>5));
asList((Object[])models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "search",
    asList(asList(
        asList("is_company", "=", true))),
    new HashMap() {{ put("offset", 10); put("limit", 5); }}
)));
[13, 20, 30, 22, 29]

Count records

Rather than retrieve a possibly gigantic list of records and count them, search_count() can be used to retrieve only the number of records matching the query. It takes the same domain filter as search() and no other parameter.

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search_count',
    [[['is_company', '=', True]]])
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search_count',
    [[['is_company', '=', true]]])
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'search_count',
    array(array(array('is_company', '=', true))));
(Integer)models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "search_count",
    asList(asList(
        asList("is_company", "=", true)))
));
19

Read records

Record data is accessible via the read() method, which takes a list of ids (as returned by search()) and optionally a list of fields to fetch. By default, it will fetch all the fields the current user can read, which tends to be a huge amount.

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
ids = models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search',
    [[['is_company', '=', True]]],
    {'limit': 1})
[record] = models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'read', [ids])
# count the number of fields fetched by default
len(record)
ids = models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search',
    [[['is_company', '=', true]]],
    {limit: 1})
record = models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'read', [ids]).first
# count the number of fields fetched by default
record.length
$ids = $models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'search',
    array(array(array('is_company', '=', true))),
    array('limit'=>1));
$records = $models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'read', array($ids));
// count the number of fields fetched by default
count($records[0]);
final List ids = asList((Object[])models.execute(
    "execute_kw", asList(
        db, uid, password,
        "res.partner", "search",
        asList(asList(
            asList("is_company", "=", true))),
        new HashMap() {{ put("limit", 1); }})));
final Map record = (Map)((Object[])models.execute(
    "execute_kw", asList(
        db, uid, password,
        "res.partner", "read",
        asList(ids)
    )
))[0];
// count the number of fields fetched by default
record.size();
121

Conversedly, picking only three fields deemed interesting.

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'read',
    [ids], {'fields': ['name', 'country_id', 'comment']})
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'read',
    [ids], {fields: %w(name country_id comment)})
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'read',
    array($ids),
    array('fields'=>array('name', 'country_id', 'comment')));
asList((Object[])models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "read",
    asList(ids),
    new HashMap() {{
        put("fields", asList("name", "country_id", "comment"));
    }}
)));
[{"comment": false, "country_id": [21, "Belgium"], "id": 7, "name": "Agrolait"}]

Listing record fields

fields_get() can be used to inspect a model’s fields and check which ones seem to be of interest.

Because it returns a large amount of meta-information (it is also used by client programs) it should be filtered before printing, the most interesting items for a human user are string (the field’s label), help (a help text if available) and type (to know which values to expect, or to send when updating a record):

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'fields_get',
    [], {'attributes': ['string', 'help', 'type']})
models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'fields_get',
    [], {attributes: %w(string help type)})
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'fields_get',
    array(), array('attributes' => array('string', 'help', 'type')));
(Map<String, Map<String, Object>>)models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "fields_get",
    emptyList(),
    new HashMap() {{
        put("attributes", asList("string", "help", "type"));
    }}
));
{
    "ean13": {
        "type": "char",
        "help": "BarCode",
        "string": "EAN13"
    },
    "property_account_position_id": {
        "type": "many2one",
        "help": "The fiscal position will determine taxes and accounts used for the partner.",
        "string": "Fiscal Position"
    },
    "signup_valid": {
        "type": "boolean",
        "help": "",
        "string": "Signup Token is Valid"
    },
    "date_localization": {
        "type": "date",
        "help": "",
        "string": "Geo Localization Date"
    },
    "ref_company_ids": {
        "type": "one2many",
        "help": "",
        "string": "Companies that refers to partner"
    },
    "sale_order_count": {
        "type": "integer",
        "help": "",
        "string": "# of Sales Order"
    },
    "purchase_order_count": {
        "type": "integer",
        "help": "",
        "string": "# of Purchase Order"
    },

Search and read

Because it is a very common task, Odoo provides a search_read() shortcut which as its name suggests is equivalent to a search() followed by a read(), but avoids having to perform two requests and keep ids around.

Its arguments are similar to search()’s, but it can also take a list of fields (like read(), if that list is not provided it will fetch all fields of matched records):

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search_read',
    [[['is_company', '=', True]]],
    {'fields': ['name', 'country_id', 'comment'], 'limit': 5})
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search_read',
    [[['is_company', '=', true]]],
    {fields: %w(name country_id comment), limit: 5})
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'search_read',
    array(array(array('is_company', '=', true))),
    array('fields'=>array('name', 'country_id', 'comment'), 'limit'=>5));
asList((Object[])models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "search_read",
    asList(asList(
        asList("is_company", "=", true))),
    new HashMap() {{
        put("fields", asList("name", "country_id", "comment"));
        put("limit", 5);
    }}
)));
[
    {
        "comment": false,
        "country_id": [ 21, "Belgium" ],
        "id": 7,
        "name": "Agrolait"
    },
    {
        "comment": false,
        "country_id": [ 76, "France" ],
        "id": 18,
        "name": "Axelor"
    },
    {
        "comment": false,
        "country_id": [ 233, "United Kingdom" ],
        "id": 12,
        "name": "Bank Wealthy and sons"
    },
    {
        "comment": false,
        "country_id": [ 105, "India" ],
        "id": 14,
        "name": "Best Designers"
    },
    {
        "comment": false,
        "country_id": [ 76, "France" ],
        "id": 17,
        "name": "Camptocamp"
    }
]

Create records

Records of a model are created using create(). The method will create a single record and return its database identifier.

create() takes a mapping of fields to values, used to initialize the record. For any field which has a default value and is not set through the mapping argument, the default value will be used.

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
id = models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'create', [{
    'name': "New Partner",
}])
id = models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'create', [{
    name: "New Partner",
}])
$id = $models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'create',
    array(array('name'=>"New Partner")));
final Integer id = (Integer)models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "create",
    asList(new HashMap() {{ put("name", "New Partner"); }})
));
78

Update records

Records can be updated using write(), it takes a list of records to update and a mapping of updated fields to values similar to create().

Multiple records can be updated simultanously, but they will all get the same values for the fields being set. It is not currently possible to perform “computed” updates (where the value being set depends on an existing value of a record).

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'write', [[id], {
    'name': "Newer partner"
}])
# get record name after having changed it
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'name_get', [[id]])
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'write', [[id], {
    name: "Newer partner"
}])
# get record name after having changed it
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'name_get', [[id]])
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password, 'res.partner', 'write',
    array(array($id), array('name'=>"Newer partner")));
// get record name after having changed it
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'name_get', array(array($id)));
models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "write",
    asList(
        asList(id),
        new HashMap() {{ put("name", "Newer Partner"); }}
    )
));
// get record name after having changed it
asList((Object[])models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "name_get",
    asList(asList(id))
)));
[[78, "Newer partner"]]

Delete records

Records can be deleted in bulk by providing their ids to unlink().

  • Python 3
  • Ruby
  • PHP
  • Java
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'unlink', [[id]])
# check if the deleted record is still in the database
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search', [[['id', '=', id]]])
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'res.partner', 'unlink', [[id]])
# check if the deleted record is still in the database
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password,
    'res.partner', 'search', [[['id', '=', id]]])
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'unlink',
    array(array($id)));
// check if the deleted record is still in the database
$models->execute_kw($db, $uid, $password,
    'res.partner', 'search',
    array(array(array('id', '=', $id))));
models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "unlink",
    asList(asList(id))));
// check if the deleted record is still in the database
asList((Object[])models.execute("execute_kw", asList(
    db, uid, password,
    "res.partner", "search",
    asList(asList(asList("id", "=", 78)))
)));
[]

Inspection and introspection

While we previously used fields_get() to query a model and have been using an arbitrary model from the start, Odoo stores most model metadata inside a few meta-models which allow both querying the system and altering models and fields (with some limitations) on the fly over XML-RPC.

ir.model

Provides information about Odoo models via its various fields

name
a human-readable description of the model
model
the name of each model in the system
state
whether the model was generated in Python code (base) or by creating an ir.model record (manual)
field_id
list of the model’s fields through a One2many to ir.model.fields
view_ids
One2many to the Views defined for the model
access_ids
One2many relation to the Access Control set on the model

ir.model can be used to

  • query the system for installed models (as a precondition to operations on the model or to explore the system’s content)
  • get information about a specific model (generally by listing the fields associated with it)
  • create new models dynamically over RPC

a custom model will initially contain only the “built-in” fields available on all models:

  • Python 3
  • PHP
  • Ruby
  • Java
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'ir.model', 'create', [{
    'name': "Custom Model",
    'model': "x_custom_model",
    'state': 'manual',
}])
models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password, 'x_custom_model', 'fields_get',
    [], {'attributes': ['string', 'help', 'type']})
$models->execute_kw(
    $db, $uid, $password,
    'ir.model', 'create', array(array(
        'name' => "Custom Model",
        'model' => 'x_custom_model',
        'state' => 'manual'
    ))
);
$models->execute_kw(
    $db, $uid, $password,
    'x_custom_model', 'fields_get',
    array(),
    array('attributes' => array('string', 'help', 'type'))
);
models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password,
    'ir.model', 'create', [{
        name: "Custom Model",
        model: 'x_custom_model',
        state: 'manual'
    }])
fields = models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password, 'x_custom_model', 'fields_get',
    [], {attributes: %w(string help type)})
models.execute(
    "execute_kw", asList(
        db, uid, password,
        "ir.model", "create",
        asList(new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
            put("name", "Custom Model");
            put("model", "x_custom_model");
            put("state", "manual");
        }})
));
final Object fields = models.execute(
    "execute_kw", asList(
        db, uid, password,
        "x_custom_model", "fields_get",
        emptyList(),
        new HashMap<String, Object> () {{
            put("attributes", asList(
                    "string",
                    "help",
                    "type"));
        }}
));
{
    "create_uid": {
        "type": "many2one",
        "string": "Created by"
    },
    "create_date": {
        "type": "datetime",
        "string": "Created on"
    },
    "__last_update": {
        "type": "datetime",
        "string": "Last Modified on"
    },
    "write_uid": {
        "type": "many2one",
        "string": "Last Updated by"
    },
    "write_date": {
        "type": "datetime",
        "string": "Last Updated on"
    },
    "display_name": {
        "type": "char",
        "string": "Display Name"
    },
    "id": {
        "type": "integer",
        "string": "Id"
    }
}

ir.model.fields

Provides information about the fields of Odoo models and allows adding custom fields without using Python code

model_id
Many2one to ir.model to which the field belongs
name
the field’s technical name (used in read or write)
field_description
the field’s user-readable label (e.g. string in fields_get)
ttype
the type of field to create
state
whether the field was created via Python code (base) or via ir.model.fields (manual)
required, readonly, translate
enables the corresponding flag on the field
groups
field-level access control, a Many2many to res.groups
selection, size, on_delete, relation, relation_field, domain
type-specific properties and customizations, see the fields documentation for details

Like custom models, only new fields created with state="manual" are activated as actual fields on the model.

  • Python 3
  • PHP
  • Ruby
  • Java
id = models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'ir.model', 'create', [{
    'name': "Custom Model",
    'model': "x_custom",
    'state': 'manual',
}])
models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password,
    'ir.model.fields', 'create', [{
        'model_id': id,
        'name': 'x_name',
        'ttype': 'char',
        'state': 'manual',
        'required': True,
    }])
record_id = models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password,
    'x_custom', 'create', [{
        'x_name': "test record",
    }])
models.execute_kw(db, uid, password, 'x_custom', 'read', [[record_id]])
$id = $models->execute_kw(
    $db, $uid, $password,
    'ir.model', 'create', array(array(
        'name' => "Custom Model",
        'model' => 'x_custom',
        'state' => 'manual'
    ))
);
$models->execute_kw(
    $db, $uid, $password,
    'ir.model.fields', 'create', array(array(
        'model_id' => $id,
        'name' => 'x_name',
        'ttype' => 'char',
        'state' => 'manual',
        'required' => true
    ))
);
$record_id = $models->execute_kw(
    $db, $uid, $password,
    'x_custom', 'create', array(array(
        'x_name' => "test record"
    ))
);
$models->execute_kw(
    $db, $uid, $password,
    'x_custom', 'read',
    array(array($record_id)));
id = models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password,
    'ir.model', 'create', [{
        name: "Custom Model",
        model: "x_custom",
        state: 'manual'
    }])
models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password,
    'ir.model.fields', 'create', [{
        model_id: id,
        name: "x_name",
        ttype: "char",
        state: "manual",
        required: true
    }])
record_id = models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password,
    'x_custom', 'create', [{
        x_name: "test record"
    }])
models.execute_kw(
    db, uid, password,
    'x_custom', 'read', [[record_id]])
final Integer id = (Integer)models.execute(
    "execute_kw", asList(
        db, uid, password,
        "ir.model", "create",
        asList(new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
            put("name", "Custom Model");
            put("model", "x_custom");
            put("state", "manual");
        }})
));
models.execute(
    "execute_kw", asList(
        db, uid, password,
        "ir.model.fields", "create",
        asList(new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
            put("model_id", id);
            put("name", "x_name");
            put("ttype", "char");
            put("state", "manual");
            put("required", true);
        }})
));
final Integer record_id = (Integer)models.execute(
    "execute_kw", asList(
        db, uid, password,
        "x_custom", "create",
        asList(new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
            put("x_name", "test record");
        }})
));

client.execute(
    "execute_kw", asList(
        db, uid, password,
        "x_custom", "read",
        asList(asList(record_id))
));
[
    {
        "create_uid": [1, "Administrator"],
        "x_name": "test record",
        "__last_update": "2014-11-12 16:32:13",
        "write_uid": [1, "Administrator"],
        "write_date": "2014-11-12 16:32:13",
        "create_date": "2014-11-12 16:32:13",
        "id": 1,
        "display_name": "test record"
    }
]